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Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, social performance, or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible Business) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. In some models, a firm's implementation of CSR goes beyond compliance and engages in "actions that appear to further some social good, beyond the interests of the firm and that which is required by law." CSR is a process with the aim to embrace responsibility for the company's actions and encourage a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders.
The term "corporate social responsibility" became popular in the 1960s and has remained a term used indiscriminately by many to cover legal and moral responsibility more narrowly construed.
Proponents argue that corporations make more long term profits by operating with a perspective, while critics argue that CSR distracts from the economic role of businesses. McWilliams and Siegel's article (2000) published in Strategic Management Journal, cited by over 1000 academics, compared existing econometric studies of the relationship between social and financial performance. They concluded that the contradictory results of previous studies reporting positive, negative, and neutral financial impact, were due to flawed empirical analysis. McWilliams and Siegel demonstrated that when the model is properly specified; that is, when you control for investment in Research and Development, an important determinant of financial performance, CSR has a neutral impact on financial outcomes.
In his widely cited book entitled Misguided Virtue: False Notions of Corporate Social Responsibility (2001) David Henderson argued forcefully against the way in which CSR broke from traditional corporate value-setting. He questioned the "lofty" and sometimes "unrealistic expectations" in CSR.
Some argue that CSR is merely window-dressing, or an attempt to pre-empt the role of governments as a watchdog over powerful multinational corporations. Political sociologists became interested in CSR in the context of theories of globalization, neo-liberalism, and late capitalism. Adopting a critical approach, sociologists emphasize CSR as a form of capitalist legitimacy and in particular point out that what has begun as a social movement against uninhibited corporate power has been co-opted by and transformed by corporations into a 'business model' and a 'risk management' device, often with questionable results
CSR is titled to aid an organization's mission as well as a guide to what the company stands for and will uphold to its consumers. Development business ethics is one of the forms of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. ISO 26000 is the recognized international standard for CSR. Public sector organizations (the United Nations for example) adhere to the triple bottom line (TBL). It is widely accepted that CSR adheres to similar principles but with no formal act of legislation. The UN has developed the Principles for Responsible Investment as guidelines for investing entities.
The notion is now extended beyond purely commercial corporations, e.g. to universities.

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ABB: create " green barrier" anti-desertification projectsAs the world's leading power and automation technology group , ABB is not only committed to using advanced technology to help users ensure that the grid stability , improve industrial productivity , increase energy efficiency and reduce the adverse impact on the environment , but also strive to bring our customers and downstream cooperation partners to act together to protect the environment and promote the sustainable development of socio-economic and natural environment .July 2008 , ABB and Inner Mongolia Erdos ( 8.67,0.04,0.46 % ) Electric Power Bureau held a joint anti-desertification project a dedication ceremony . This is a self- 2007 by the ABB ( China ) Co., Ltd. , Inner Mongolia Electric Power ( Group ) Co., Ltd. and its Erdos Electric Power Bureau co-sponsored and funded environmental project implementation , as well as ABB in China 's first eco- protection as the theme, and to join social responsibility projects in collaboration with our customers. ABB actively participate in Beijing five companies and thousands of employees belong, in less than a month 's time donation of $ 300,000. Meeting with the Inner Mongolia Erdos Electric Power Electric Power donated 300,000 yuan , the two sides will be a total of 600,000 yuan donated to a special fund for the establishment of the China Green Foundation project implementation .The anti-desertification project is located in a forest Erdos Wushenqi Tooker town 100 kV high voltage transmission line range , through the use of ecological sand barrier , dune fixation methods such as planting trees and grass , a sand control project so that the vegetation cover of the summer rate of over 65%. November 2008 , the two sides once again donated 600,000 yuan to the China Green Foundation , to promote the smooth implementation of the second phase of the project . Phase III is expected to end after a three-year governance all about one million acres sand, effectively improve the operating environment Mu Us desert areas of transmission lines for the residents of the capital to build a " green barrier ."AstraZeneca : aid after the earthquake engineering systemsFace 512 earthquake disaster , with a high degree of social responsibility of multinational pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca is not a simple donation assistance , but careful planning , careful organization , played a high quality portfolio of relief aid , highlighting the noble AstraZeneca corporate social responsibility.After the earthquake, AstraZeneca donated 813 million yuan in cash and $ 500,000 of drugs after he launched a $ 60 million reconstruction project . These projects include : the Beijing " Practical Skills Training for Rural Women " Cooperation , launched a grassroots vaccination approved training courses for a total of 4 121 people , to carry out health and epidemic prevention work , universal health and epidemic prevention knowledge to the masses ; sponsorship section Sichuan earthquake orphans to Beijing Watch the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Houston children's Choir performances , children get-together with the United States , hopes wonderful song solace affected children wounded soul , while providing professional counseling for them , helping them strong enough to face life , to face the future ; accordance with the standards of the World Bank and the national health sector to support the construction of township hospitals in the affected areas , providing high-quality medical services to local people , and carry out health literacy and education work at the local disease ; carry out " life escort - to find the most cute angels "activities, in recognition of outstanding performance in the Wenchuan earthquake in health care and medical institutions ; to thank all made ​​contributions to the earthquake relief work AstraZeneca person , while commemorating the history of employee participation AstraZeneca the highest activity , employees use a short documentary produced spare time , that is, " for the life escort - AstraZeneca relief album" ; hope once cohesion and tenacity to keep encouraging each one more person AstraZeneca concerned about vulnerable groups, to contribute to the public welfare more power , the real fulfillment " of life in defense of" corporate social responsibility.Amway : Care for urban mobility of the child " Sunshine"" Sunshine" is co-sponsored by the China Children and Teenagers' Fund and Amway ( China ) Co. Ltd. , to care for the child as the subject of urban mobility large national charity . The event will last for three years , donated by the school library for the children of migrant workers , social and cultural celebrities invited lectures provide tutoring , helping mobilize community volunteers to provide a variety of actions to improve the flow of children 's educational environment to help them integrate into urban society promote their physical and mental growth.2008 , through detailed research and study, the ACWF and Amway ( China ) in the 15 cities selected 15 migrant children schools as the first aid objects, these schools are located in Beijing , Shanghai , Guangzhou, Tianjin , Xi'an, Shenzhen , Dongguan , Hefei , Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian , Hangzhou, Zhengzhou, Wuhan and Suzhou. For these schools teaching facilities backward, weak teachers , curriculum creation insufficiency ( generally only guarantee language, mathematics and other core curriculum ) , the situation of teaching civic and extracurricular activities generally missing , Amway ( China ) donated the school to 15 " sunshine library " , and is equipped with 10,000 books , a computer and a large- screen projection ; meanwhile , invited celebrities , experts, professors and academics ," sunshine " expert group, for 15 teachers and students conducted various cultural seminars and training ; addition, the internal still volunteers to launch the company and society professor of migrant children sports, music, dance, art and other aspects of knowledge on a regular basis , develop a wide range of interests of migrant children hobby , enrich their lives and amateur inner world.In 2009, Amway ( China ) will increase 10 migrant children schools to make a donation , the end of April , the total number of the establishment of the "Sunshine Library " in the country 's migrant schools will reach 25 , same time, " I am the owner of a small city " as the theme of a series of encouraging self-reliance of migrant children , migrant children and their families to promote the integration of social activities are also expected to carry out .APP: green solemn promiseChina 's paper industry is facing long-term challenges , rising domestic demand for paper , a huge gap in the industry's future supply of raw materials , and the country faces the dual task of economic development and environmental protection , making the Chinese paper industry must find a sustainable development road. APP ( China ) released in June 2008 , " " In China , the green promise " Declaration on Sustainable Development " , hoped that through this open and transparent communication driven by the paper industry sectors working together to explore and practice of sustainable development, and actively push the paper industry became scarce resources to solve the challenges of environmental pollution hazards program , economic responsibility makers and implementers , not a problem maker.Under the joint efforts of all staff , APP ( China ) launched a " foothold in China, the green promise" practical work in the fourth quarter of 2008 has made considerable progress and development. Sustainable development in forestry , Hainan, Guangdong , Guangxi, six forestry company APP ( China ) Forest Service headquarters belongs to ISO14001 environmental management system certification of annual audit by DNV (Det Norske Veritas, referred DNV), each term business activities in line with ISO14001 standards. Clean production areas , APP ( China ) continue to increase investment in environmental protection , up to now invested in environmental protection has more than 5 billion yuan ; commissioned an independent third party to complete its first carbon footprint assessment , continuous improvement of enterprise energy conservation work provide a frame of reference ; emissions data in the paper , including tons of pulp / paper and water consumption , tons of pulp / paper waste emissions and tons of pulp / paper COD emissions , have been better than the promised goals. With long-term contribution in the field of corporate social responsibility , APP ( China ) won the " China Charity Award" ; addition , APP Sichuan earthquake invested 20 million yuan to rebuild Tongji school, scholarships and other educational establishment in China , Fujian and Hainan funds , etc., have also been continued running.BASF : "1 +3" snowballAs the world's largest chemical company , BASF did not own sustainable development , conscientiously fulfill their corporate social responsibility , but also actively promote the supply chain upstream and downstream enterprises can be socially responsible and to assist SMEs to explore and enhance their sustainable development potential.Beginning in 2006 , BASF "1 +3" CSR team together with some other big companies , the first initiative of the " 1 +3 " corporate social responsibility projects. Each project is a company driven by its supply chain, three business partners, to teach them about corporate social responsibility best practices and tailored solutions to corporate social responsibility principles and experience to domestic enterprises. After the partners are committed to their business partners to pass another three corporate social responsibility best practices , resulting in a " snowball " effect. BASF currently has six partners directly involved in the project , including Huafeng Group , Guangzhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. , Sinochem International ( 7.53,0.06,0.80 % ) ( Holdings ) Co., Ltd., Beijing plastics Trade Co. company , Zhejiang KPT Spandex Co., Ltd. and Zhejiang Qiming Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. .BASF actively contribute to the "1 +3" project, the company experts specially arranged time , using its technical expertise through seminars, field exercises , site visits, establish counseling self-assessment system , etc., the commitments into practical action. BASF's corporate social responsibility into business operations of this innovative way to promote the rapid development of Chinese SMEs. Meanwhile, the company also opened up a broader platform , expand two-way communication with our business partners , helping to reduce risk and to strengthen long-term strategic partnership. As of 2008 , the project has been in the country 55 companies spread , and was the United Nations Global Compact as Best Corporate Social Responsibility Case Studies .Yum : " donate one yuan , to send nourishment " campaign
Reconstruction Wenchuan earthquake affects the hearts of the community . October 9, 2008 , sponsored by the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation , Yum China Division , the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), in association with the earthquake disaster Sohu students ' donate one dollar to send love and nutrition "national fund-raising activities Beijing officially announced the launch . Activities aimed at a number of the country by 2600 Yum KFC, Pizza Hut , rushed home win , win pizza station and East Dawning restaurants since October 9, 2008 - Love fundraiser on the 19th carried out , the whole society initiative to donate a dollar a person , for the healthy growth of children affected areas lend a helping hand . All activities to raise funds through the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation will be used to provide the daily nutritional snacks for the last year affected children .Su, China division president of Yum pointed out that " as China's largest restaurant group Yum has always been concerned about China's next generation of nutrition and health problems, the main manifestations are related research sponsored nutrition and health fields , universal adolescent child nutrition and health knowledge, promote healthy living concept of a balanced diet , proper exercise after the 5.12 earthquake, Yum disaster on the health of children has been highly concerned in this earthquake relief, Yum and employee contributions have been more than 21 million of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation will launch a " donate one dollar to send love and nourishment " campaign , Yum positive response , I hope through the years in health food and nutrition professional experience , for the healthy growth of children affected areas offer a love, a force ! while , Yum also hope that through this event to stimulate more business and personal social responsibility, sustained attention Sichuan earthquake , a greater contribution to the reconstruction of the power of love . "The launch of the " donate $ 1 to send love and nourishment" activities are also to join the U.S. headquarters of Yum United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), part of the global launch of the "World Hunger Relief " large-scale public projects. The project was in 2007 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the establishment of Yum launched , aims to enhance public awareness of the problem of global hunger, urged the public to take action to actively raise money for the world's hungry population . " World Hunger Relief " project last year to raise money in the world of 16 million U.S. dollars , becoming the world's largest WFP mass fundraiser so far in cooperation with the company . The event has also become a global charity 's annual Yum ongoing . After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China Yum , Yum 's U.S. headquarters , the World Food Programme jointly considered , in China for the " Hunger Relief " fundraiser world hunger stricken areas in Sichuan, China should be changed to " reconstruction " fundraiser .Pepsi : potato planting ecological agriculture farmOnce located in Inner Mongolia Dalateqi exhibition called hematoxylin 2 acres of farms , is one of the " agricultural projects ," PepsiCo 's most exemplary, the application of the latest farm irrigation , refrigeration and bulk transport technology , a world-class standardized farm, this year, the farm has been a full 10 years. With the successful operation of the farm , desert planting project development model to promote success led to the rapid development of other parts of the economy. Farm location desertification situation has been effectively curbed, significantly improved the environment , land and gradually rise, local governments increasingly successful investment activities , farm Pepsi brings strong effect of sustainable development .For potato cultivation, PepsiCo has always adhered to the " precision agriculture " standard " high yield and efficiency " principle and the introduction of the most advanced agricultural technology and equipment carefully planted potatoes, " the potato as well as treat a child dependents ." Pepsi 2 acres of potato farmland , all using modern machinery sowing , production , irrigation and harvesting .PepsiCo 's successful model farm , a vivid manifestation of the PepsiCo corporate social responsibility in environmental awareness , the successful experience of China, a serious water shortage , and how the growing threat of desertification developing protective development , sustainable development has explored a great significance . Today, the farm has been used as a model Dalateqi began to promote in other regions of Inner Mongolia , the pattern also for other domestic companies interested in the development of the west learn from and emulate .BMW: Children's Traffic Safety EducationAll along , BMW has always been committed to building a platform of love , and actively promote the wider social forces , including distributors to participate in corporate social contribution activities. If child safety education themed series of activities organized by BMW for four consecutive years - Traffic Safety training camp. 2008BMW Children's Traffic Safety training camp through a series of activities aimed at entertaining way to help children develop and improve traffic safety awareness and self-protection capabilities. This is as the world 's top automobile manufacturer BMW in terms of corporate social responsibility is an important content: efforts to improve product safety , while also committed to promoting traffic safety education.In addition , there are 3,200 children aged 4-6 from across more than 100 kindergartens participated BMW held to " go over the zebra horse " as the theme of training camp . In addition , BMW is also working with well-known early childhood experts developed the " Traffic Safety spree " and distributed to the country by around 500 kindergartens Youth Palace , so that nearly 100,000 are not directly participate in the training camp of the children benefit from it. "June " period , BMW launched the " online traffic safety playground for children ," child safety education directly into the home , which not only further enhance the convenience and fun children's traffic safety education , and for the further expansion of child benefit the scope of the foundation.Dell : Green innovations embodied environmental responsibilityJust a little to erase massive environmental pollution IT industry, " sunrise " brilliant at the same time , a number of socially responsible IT companies in the phrase put forward the key IT industry development , and explore the products and technologies from the IT industry sustainable new path of development. Among them, Dell is its unique " green innovation " concept , setting off a revolution in the IT industry .Dell's energy saving ideas by no means merely a slogan level, but for their own development goals formulated demanding that aims to become the world's greenest technology company. To achieve this goal, Dell implemented a series of radical green innovations action. In product design , Dell is committed to creating "the most green products", from the choice of materials , design and development to production and sales of the entire process are actively fulfilling environmental commitments . To build a green factory , Dell implemented a number of operational measures to improve energy efficiency and reduce power consumption. If Dell's operational management within the enterprise is a focus only on behalf of its corporate social responsibility , then , Dell Computer launched to consumers free recycling service, is a leading industry initiatives , and this initiative will profoundly reveals Dell's industry-wide environmental responsibility heart and the world . Dell in 2006 , started for business customers in mainland China and Hong Kong launch of computer recycling services. And on the same end of the year , to individual consumers provide free computer recycling services. Dell expects that by 2009 , will achieve recycling targets nearly 300 million pounds of used equipment.ITT: Care and Health " Watermark "November 24, 2008 , ITT " Watermark " officially released in China , all employees ITT China 's active participation in this process.Not just charity program , ITT virtue of a strong and caring into practice to improve the lives of the next generation , the efforts of the sustainable development of Chinese society . " Watermark " ("Water For People") reflects this excellent idea . The plan includes an initial term of three years , up to three million U.S. dollars in funding the project , which provides safe drinking water , sanitation and hygiene education to 300 schools in developing countries , including China , will fundamentally more on improving the lives of thousands of children and their families ; ITT will work with its strategic partner - a non-profit international organization "Water For People" work together to improve the quality of drinking water and sanitation in Latin America and Asia, the condition of the school ; ITT will provide support to improve local schools new infrastructure to provide water and sanitation to remote schools , to use its resources to repair existing systems and actively assist in the promotion of health education ; ITT will extend the scope in 2009 , an increase of 100 aided schools in 2010 continued increase in 150 schools ; through ITT " watermark ", ITT has also established an emergency management committee responsible for the deployment and advance directly to the disaster site scheduling ITT resources in water-related emergencies . Through this unique charity project , ITT integrates a full range of resources to work together to create an environment in which children can learn in this environment and development and not worry about drinking unclean water or a result of illness .Cargill : Rural Support ProgrammeAll along, uninterrupted Cargill China to help Chinese farmers and promote rural development. These include: helping farmers through training to help improve farmland , crops and livestock productivity and prevent the spread of animal diseases . Currently, Cargill has provided training to more than 210 million farmers . By increasing the knowledge of farmers planting and breeding , to help rural areas to increase food production capacity and livestock productivity. In terms of improving food processing system , Cargill as a leading food and agricultural experts , has been committed through the use of advanced technology and strict food safety control , and constantly improve the management and other means to improve the efficiency and value-added processing of agricultural products . For example, in the Northeast Matsubara Cargill 's corn processing plants , put the corn processing of corn starch , maltodextrin, crystalline glucose and starch products , widely used in food processing and other areas to improve the added value. By virtue of the global network of resources and experience , with the help of the use of foreign Cargill agricultural resources , has a unique role. Cargill believes that improving the status of rural and urban dualistic conduct capacity building in rural areas , the key is to provide a better education for rural children. So all along, Cargill China also quietly, to support rural education, rural development to improve capacity . Cargill together with China Children and Teenagers' Foundation launched the " Cargill Cares Rural Education Program ," the transformation of more than 40 rural schools . In 2008 , Cargill 's Rural Education plans to make a direct benefit 10,000 children . Cargill 's employee volunteers also adhere to the children of migrant workers in rural schools and school children in class, as they explain the basics of business , open up channels of contact with the world outside the rural , help kids be more prepared for future challenges.